PHP - Manual: fnmatch

2024-12-22

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fnmatch

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

fnmatch — 用模式匹配文件名

说明

fnmatch(string $pattern, string $string, int $flags = 0): bool

fnmatch() 检查传入的 string 是否匹配给出的 shell 统配符 pattern。

参数

pattern

shell 统配符。

string

要检查的字符串。此函数对于文件名尤其有用，但也可以用于普通的字符串。

普通用户可能习惯于 shell 模式或者至少其中最简单的形式 '?' 和 '*' 通配符，因此使用 fnmatch() 来代替 preg_match() 来进行前端搜索表达式输入对于非程序员用户更加方便。

flags

The value of flags can be any combination of the following flags, joined with the binary OR (|) operator.

A list of possible flags for **fnmatch()**
`Flag`	Description
`FNM_NOESCAPE`	Disable backslash escaping.
`FNM_PATHNAME`	Slash in string only matches slash in the given pattern.
`FNM_PERIOD`	Leading period in string must be exactly matched by period in the given pattern.
`FNM_CASEFOLD`	Caseless match. Part of the GNU extension.

返回值

匹配则返回 true，否则返回 false。

更新日志

版本	说明
5.3.0	此函数开始在 Windows 平台上生效。

范例

示例 #1 用 shell 中的通配符模式匹配来检查颜色名称


<?php
if (fnmatch("*gr[ae]y", $color)) {
  echo "some form of gray ...";
}
?>

注释

警告

目前该函数无法在 Windows 或其它非 POSIX 兼容的系统上使用。

参见

glob() - 寻找与模式匹配的文件路径
preg_match() - 执行匹配正则表达式
sscanf() - 根据指定格式解析输入的字符
printf() - 输出格式化字符串
sprintf() - 返回格式化字符串

add a note

User Contributed Notes 9 notes

down

me at rowanlewis dot com ¶

11 years ago


Here's a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.


<?php

    

    if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {

        define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);

        define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);

        define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);

        define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);

        

        function fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {

            return pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags);

        }

    }

    

    function pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {

        $modifiers = null;

        $transforms = array(

            '\*'    => '.*',

            '\?'    => '.',

            '\[\!'    => '[^',

            '\['    => '[',

            '\]'    => ']',

            '\.'    => '\.',

            '\\'    => '\\\\'

        );

        

        // Forward slash in string must be in pattern:

        if ($flags & FNM_PATHNAME) {

            $transforms['\*'] = '[^/]*';

        }

        

        // Back slash should not be escaped:

        if ($flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) {

            unset($transforms['\\']);

        }

        

        // Perform case insensitive match:

        if ($flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) {

            $modifiers .= 'i';

        }

        

        // Period at start must be the same as pattern:

        if ($flags & FNM_PERIOD) {

            if (strpos($string, '.') === 0 && strpos($pattern, '.') !== 0) return false;

        }

        

        $pattern = '#^'

            . strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), $transforms)

            . '$#'

            . $modifiers;

        

        return (boolean)preg_match($pattern, $string);

    }

    

?>



This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.

down

bernd dot ebert at gmx dot net ¶

9 years ago


There is a problem within the  pcre_fnmatch-Function concerning backslashes. Those will be masked by preq_quote and ADDITONALLY by the strtr if FN_NOESCAPE is not set -> something like "*a(*" will finally result in "#^.*a\\(.*$#". Note the double backslash which effectively does NOT mask the "(" correctly.

Since preq_quote always matches a backslash I don't think that this'll work with using preg_quote at all.

down

Sinured ¶

14 years ago


An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).

down

Frederik Krautwald ¶

15 years ago


soywiz's function still doesn't seem to work -- at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows -- but jk's does.

down

jk at ricochetsolutions dot com ¶

15 years ago


soywiz's function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.

<?php
if(!function_exists('fnmatch')) {

    function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
        return preg_match("#^".strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.'))."$#i", $string);
    } // end

} // end if
?>

down

phlipping at yahoo dot com ¶

18 years ago


you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:

function WildToReg($str)
{
  $s = "";   
  for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
  {
   $c = $str{$i};
   if ($c =='?')
    $s .= '.'; // any character
   else if ($c == '*')    
    $s .= '.*'; // 0 or more any characters    
   else if ($c == '[' || $c == ']')
    $s .= $c;  // one of characters within []
   else
    $s .= '\\' . $c;
  }
  $s = '^' . $s . '$';

  //trim redundant ^ or $
  //eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
  if (substr($s,0,3) == "^.*")
   $s = substr($s,3);
  if (substr($s,-3,3) == ".*$")
   $s = substr($s,0,-3);
  return $s;
}

if (ereg(WildToReg("*.txt"), $fn))
  print "$fn is a text file";
else
  print "$fn is not a text file";

down

-2

theboydanny at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago


About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk's works for me, soywiz didn't (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz's didn't for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK's fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
<?php
$pattern = strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.', '\[' => '[', '\]' => ']'));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.

down

-5

Sinured ¶

14 years ago


Possible flags (scratched out of fnmatch.h):
...::...

FNM_PATHNAME:
> Slash in $string only matches slash in $pattern.

FNM_PERIOD:
> Leading period in $string must be exactly matched by period in $pattern.

FNM_NOESCAPE:
> Disable backslash escaping.

FNM_NOSYS:
> Obsolescent.

FNM_FILE_NAME:
> Alias of FNM_PATHNAME.

FNM_LEADING_DIR:
> From fnmatch.h: /* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */

FNM_CASEFOLD:
> Caseless match.

Since they’re appearing in file.c, but are not available in PHP, we’ll have to define them ourselves:
<?php
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
// GNU extensions
define('FNM_FILE_NAME', FNM_PATHNAME);
define('FNM_LEADING_DIR', 8);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
?>

I didn’t test any of these except casefold, which worked for me.

down

-13

bwilcock at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


fnmatch is not 100% reliable. Bug 14185 is still open and may or may not have been patched.

In certain wildcard circumstance fnmatch("*needle*", $haystack, match) returns false intermittantly

However stripos or preg returns a "find".

add a note

官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fnmatch.php

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fnmatch

说明

参数

返回值

更新日志

范例

注释

参见

User Contributed Notes 9 notes