PHP - Manual: random_int

2024-12-21

random_int

(PHP 7, PHP 8)

random_int — Generates cryptographically secure pseudo-random integers

说明

random_int(int $min, int $max): int

Generates cryptographic random integers that are suitable for use where unbiased results are critical, such as when shuffling a deck of cards for a poker game.

The sources of randomness used for this function are as follows:

On Windows, » CryptGenRandom() will always be used. As of PHP 7.2.0, the » CNG-API will always be used instead.
On Linux, the » getrandom(2) syscall will be used if available.
On other platforms, /dev/urandom will be used.
If none of the aforementioned sources are available, then an Exception will be thrown.

注意: Although this function was added to PHP in PHP 7.0, a » userland implementation is available for PHP 5.2 to 5.6, inclusive.

参数

min: The lowest value to be returned, which must be PHP_INT_MIN or higher.
max: The highest value to be returned, which must be less than or equal to PHP_INT_MAX.

返回值

Returns a cryptographically secure random integer in the range min to max, inclusive.

错误／异常

If an appropriate source of randomness cannot be found, an Exception will be thrown.
If invalid parameters are given, a TypeError will be thrown.
If max is less than min, an Error will be thrown.

范例

示例 #1 random_int() example


<?php
var_dump(random_int(100, 999));
var_dump(random_int(-1000, 0));
?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

int(248)
int(-898)

参见

random_bytes() - Generates cryptographically secure pseudo-random bytes

add a note

User Contributed Notes 4 notes

down

s rotondo90 at gmail com ¶

5 years ago


Here is a simple backporting function, it works for PHP >= 5.1

<?php
if (!function_exists('random_int')) {
    function random_int($min, $max) {
        if (!function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
            trigger_error(
                'mcrypt must be loaded for random_int to work', 
                E_USER_WARNING
            );
            return null;
        }
        
        if (!is_int($min) || !is_int($max)) {
            trigger_error('$min and $max must be integer values', E_USER_NOTICE);
            $min = (int)$min;
            $max = (int)$max;
        }
        
        if ($min > $max) {
            trigger_error('$max can\'t be lesser than $min', E_USER_WARNING);
            return null;
        }
        
        $range = $counter = $max - $min;
        $bits = 1;
        
        while ($counter >>= 1) {
            ++$bits;
        }
        
        $bytes = (int)max(ceil($bits/8), 1);
        $bitmask = pow(2, $bits) - 1;

        if ($bitmask >= PHP_INT_MAX) {
            $bitmask = PHP_INT_MAX;
        }

        do {
            $result = hexdec(
                bin2hex(
                    mcrypt_create_iv($bytes, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM)
                )
            ) & $bitmask;
        } while ($result > $range);

        return $result + $min;
    }
}
?>

Randomness test

<?php
$max = 100; // number of random values
$test = 1000000;

$array = array_fill(0, $max, 0);

for ($i = 0; $i < $test; ++$i) {
    ++$array[random_int(0, $max-1)];
}

function arrayFormatResult(&$item) {
    global $test, $max; // try to avoid this nowdays ;)
    
    $perc = ($item/($test/$max))-1;
    $item .= ' '. number_format($perc, 4, '.', '') .'%';
}

array_walk($array, 'arrayFormatResult');

print_r($array);
?>

down

ccb_bc at hotmail dot com ¶

2 years ago


<?php 
    // PHP >= 7
    function str_rand(int $length = 16){
        $x = '';
        for($i = 1; $i <= $length; $i++){
            $x .= dechex(random_int(0,255));
        }
        return substr($x, 0, $length);
    }
    var_dump(str_rand());
?>

down

bens at effortlessis dot com ¶

1 year ago


On my system (5th gen i7) random_int() takes about 14x longer to do the same number of calculations than rand(). 

for ($i=0; $i<10000000; $i++)
        $x = rand(1, PHP_INT_MAX);

Takes 0.86 seconds for rand(), 12.29 seconds for random_int(). So use random_int() somewhat sparingly. 

If it's not really important to be truly random, use rand() instead, especially in a tight loop.

down

-40

info at raymondrodgers dot com ¶

6 years ago


This function is based on Andrew Moore's UUID generation function on the uniqid function; it has been updated to use random_int() on PHP 7.0 or later yet continue to function with earlier versions using mt_rand().

function generateUUIDv4()
{
    if(version_compare(PHP_VERSION,'7.0.0', '<') )
    {
        return sprintf('%04x%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%04x%04x',
        
        // 32 bits for "time_low"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff),
        
        // 16 bits for "time_mid"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff),
        
        // 16 bits for "time_hi_and_version",
        // four most significant bits holds version number 4
        mt_rand(0, 0x0fff) | 0x4000,
        
        // 16 bits, 8 bits for "clk_seq_hi_res",
        // 8 bits for "clk_seq_low",
        // two most significant bits holds zero and one for variant DCE1.1
        mt_rand(0, 0x3fff) | 0x8000,
        
        // 48 bits for "node"
        mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff), mt_rand(0, 0xffff)
        );
    }
    else
    {
        return sprintf('%04x%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%04x%04x',
        
        // 32 bits for "time_low"
        random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff),
        
        // 16 bits for "time_mid"
        random_int(0, 0xffff),
        
        // 16 bits for "time_hi_and_version",
        // four most significant bits holds version number 4
        random_int(0, 0x0fff) | 0x4000,
        
        // 16 bits, 8 bits for "clk_seq_hi_res",
        // 8 bits for "clk_seq_low",
        // two most significant bits holds zero and one for variant DCE1.1
        random_int(0, 0x3fff) | 0x8000,
        
        // 48 bits for "node"
        random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff), random_int(0, 0xffff)
        );
    }
}

add a note

官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.random-int.php

有任何技术问题请点击这里网站运营推广招聘

IT PHP 编程语言 Linux 开发编程科技 Elasticsearch HTML/CSS/XML 网络数据库 JAVA 面试 NoSQL C/C++ Golang Git 算法操作系统正则表达式 Redis 互联网 MySql JavaScript 运维软件国际架构设计 Mac OS TCP/IP Excel Vim Windows Socket Oracle VR MongoDB Python 运营 MemCache 商业硬件电子娱乐设计 nginx 摄影游戏 WordPress HTTP 团建数码电器

php7 安装fileinfo扩展 preg_split — 通过一个正则表达式分隔字符串 php位值,解决 PHP 中 usort 在值相同时改变原始位置的问题 [PHP] inet_pton/inet_ntop IP地址转换函数 [鸟哥]PHP_INT_MIN 和 -9223372036854775808 PHP 8.1 ADORecordSet对象 adodb手册 opcache预加载 Composer的Packagist资源 array_multisort() 多字段排序 PHPMailer设置utf8 PHPMailer字符集CharSet mysql面试题 PHP json解析（json_decode）页面工具 [原创]诡异的php-fpm超时问题 php中几种注释规范支持php7的性能采集扩展纯php实现DES以及TripleDES加密算法 php 修改图片大小 PHP mkdir()写出来的权限与mode值不符合

略微加速

PHP官方手册 - 互联网笔记

random_int

说明

参数

返回值

错误／异常

范例

参见

User Contributed Notes 4 notes