Using $text .= "additional text"; instead of $text = $text ."additional text"; can seriously enhance performance due to memory allocation efficiency.
I reduced execution time from 5 sec to .5 sec (10 times) by simply switching to the first pattern for a loop with 900 iterations over a string $text that reaches 800K by the end.
PHP - Manual: 赋值运算符
2024-11-15
赋值运算符
基本的赋值运算符是“=”。一开始可能会以为它是“等于”，其实不是的。它实际上意味着把右边表达式的值赋给左边的运算数。
赋值运算表达式的值也就是所赋的值。也就是说，“$a = 3”的值是 3。这样就可以做一些小技巧：
<?php
$a = ($b = 4) + 5; // $a 现在成了 9，而 $b 成了 4。
?>
在基本赋值运算符之外，还有适合于所有二元算术，数组集合和字符串运算符的“组合运算符”，这样可以在一个表达式中使用它的值并把表达式的结果赋给它，例如：
<?php
$a = 3;
$a += 5; // 设置 $a 为 8 ，之前说过： $a = $a + 5;
$b = "Hello ";
$b .= "There!"; // 设置 $b 为 "Hello There!"，就像 $b = $b . "There!";
?>
注意赋值运算将原变量的值拷贝到新变量中（传值赋值），所以改变其中一个并不影响另一个。这也适合于在密集循环中拷贝一些值例如大数组。
在 PHP 中普通的传值赋值行为有个例外就是碰到对象 object 时，在 PHP 5 中是以引用赋值的，除非明确使用了 clone 关键字来拷贝。
引用赋值
PHP 支持引用赋值，使用“$var = &$othervar;”语法。引用赋值意味着两个变量指向了同一个数据，没有拷贝任何东西。
示例 #1 引用赋值
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = &$a; // $b 是 $a 的引用
print "$a\n"; // 输出 3
print "$b\n"; // 输出 3
$a = 4; // 修改 $a
print "$a\n"; // 输出 4
print "$b\n"; // 也输出 4，因为 $b 是 $a 的引用，因此也被改变
?>
new 运算符自动返回一个引用，因此对 new 的结果进行引用赋值是错误的。
<?php
class C {}
$o = &new C;
?>
以上例程会输出：
Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'new' (T_NEW) in …
有关引用更多信息参见本手册中 引用的解释 一章。
算术赋值运算符
| 例子 | 等同于 | 操作 |
|---|---|---|
| $a += $b | $a = $a + $b | 加法 |
| $a -= $b | $a = $a - $b | 减法 |
| $a *= $b | $a = $a * $b | 乘法 |
| $a /= $b | $a = $a / $b | 除法 |
| $a %= $b | $a = $a % $b | 取模 |
| $a **= $b | $a = $a ** $b | 指数 |
位赋值运算符
| 例子 | 等同于 | 操作 |
|---|---|---|
| $a &= $b | $a = $a & $b | 按位与 |
| $a |= $b | $a = $a | $b | 按位或 |
| $a ^= $b | $a = $a ^ $b | 按位异或 |
| $a <<= $b | $a = $a << $b | 左移 |
| $a >>= $b | $a = $a >> $b | 右移 |
其他赋值运算符
| 例子 | 等同于 | 操作 |
|---|---|---|
| $a .= $b | $a = $a . $b | 字符串拼接 |
| $a ??= $b | $a = $a ?? $b | NULL 合并 |
add a note
User Contributed Notes 8 notes
Peter, Moscow ¶
11 years ago
Robert Schneider ¶
7 years ago
Be aware of assignments with conditionals. The assignment operator is stronger as 'and', 'or' and 'xor'.
<?php
$x = true and false; //$x will be true
$y = (true and false); //$y will be false
?>
Hayley Watson ¶
14 years ago
bradlis7 at bradlis7 dot com's description is a bit confusing. Here it is rephrased.
<?php
$a = 'a';
$b = 'b';
$a .= $b .= "foo";
echo $a,"\n",$b;?>
outputs
abfoo
bfoo
Because the assignment operators are right-associative and evaluate to the result of the assignment
<?php
$a .= $b .= "foo";
?>
is equivalent to
<?php
$a .= ($b .= "foo");
?>
and therefore
<?php
$b .= "foo";
$a .= $b;
?>
asc at putc dot de ¶
6 years ago
PHP uses a temporary variable for combined assign-operators (unlike JavaScript), therefore the left-hand-side (target) gets evaluated last.
Input:
$a += $b + $c;
Meaning:
$a = ($b + $c) + $a;
Not:
$a = $a + ($b + $c);
This can be important if the target gets modified inside the expression.
$a = 0;
$a += (++$a) + (++$a); // yields 5 (instead of 4)
ma dot bx dot ar at gamil dot com ¶
8 years ago
Document says:
"An exception to the usual assignment by value behaviour within PHP occurs with objects, which are assigned by reference in PHP 5. Objects may be explicitly copied via the clone keyword."
But it's not very accurate! Considering this code:
<?php
$a = new StdClass;
$b = $a;
$a = new StdClass;
var_dump ($a, $b);
?>
Output:
object(stdClass)#2 (0) {
}
object(stdClass)#1 (0) {
}
Note: #2 and #1 means two different objects.
But this code:
<?php
$a = new StdClass;
$b = &$a;
$a = new StdClass;
var_dump ($a, $b);
?>
Output will be:
object(stdClass)#2 (0) {
}
object(stdClass)#2 (0) {
}
Note: Still pointing to the same object.
And this shows that that exception is not valid, PHP assignment for objects still makes a copy of variable and does not creates a real reference, albeit changing an object variable members will cause both copies to change.
So, I would say assignment operator makes a copy of 'Object reference' not a real object reference.
Hayley Watson ¶
14 years ago
You could also take adam at gmail dot com's xor-assignment operator and use the fact that it's right-associative:
$a ^= $b ^= $a ^= $b;
bradlis7 at bradlis7 dot com ¶
16 years ago
Note whenever you do this
<?php
$a .= $b .= "bla bla";
?>
it comes out to be the same as the following:
<?php
$a .= $b."bla bla";
$b .= "bla bla";
?>
So $a actually becomes $a and the final $b string. I'm sure it's the same with numerical assignments (+=, *=...).
haubertj at alfredstate dot edu ¶
10 years ago
[[ Editor's note: You are much better off using the foreach (array_expression as $key => $value) control structure in this case ]]
When using
<php
while ($var = current($array) {
#do stuff
next($aray)
?>
to process an array, if current($array) happens to be falsy but not === false it will still end the loop. In such a case strict typing must be used.
Like this:
<php
while (($var = current($array)) !== FALSE) {
#do stuff
next($aray)
?>
Of course if your array may contain actual FALSE values you will have to deal with those some other way.
官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.assignment.php
IT
PHP
编程语言
Linux
开发编程
科技
Elasticsearch
HTML/CSS/XML
网络
JAVA
NoSQL
数据库
面试
C/C++
Golang
Git
算法
操作系统
正则表达式
Redis
互联网
MySql
JavaScript
运维
软件
国际
架构设计
Mac OS
TCP/IP
Excel
Vim
Windows
Socket
Oracle
VR
MongoDB
Python
运营
MemCache
商业
硬件
电子
娱乐
设计
nginx
摄影
游戏
WordPress
HTTP
团建
数码电器
广告
--
php7 安装fileinfo扩展
preg_split — 通过一个正则表达式分隔字符串
php位值,解决 PHP 中 usort 在值相同时改变原始位置的问题
[PHP] inet_pton/inet_ntop IP地址转换函数
array_multisort() 多字段排序
PHPMailer设置utf8 PHPMailer字符集CharSet
ADORecordSet对象
adodb手册
PHP 8.1
[鸟哥]PHP_INT_MIN 和 -9223372036854775808
opcache预加载
Composer的Packagist资源
mysql面试题
[鸟哥]PHP FFI详解 - 一种全新的PHP扩展方式
PHP7添加redis扩展
PHP mkdir()写出来的权限与mode值不符合
Packagist / Composer 中国全量镜像
php中几种注释规范
利用php soap实现web service
PHP获取指定函数定义在哪个文件中及行号