Note, that if no connection is open, mysqli_real_escape_string() will return an empty string!
PHP - Manual: mysqli::real_escape_string
2024-12-22
mysqli::real_escape_string
mysqli::escape_string
mysqli_real_escape_string
(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
mysqli::real_escape_string -- mysqli::escape_string -- mysqli_real_escape_string — 根据当前连接的字符集，对于 SQL 语句中的特殊字符进行转义
说明
面向对象风格
mysqli::real_escape_string(string
$escapestr): string过程化风格
此函数用来对字符串中的特殊字符进行转义， 以使得这个字符串是一个合法的 SQL 语句。 传入的字符串会根据当前连接的字符集进行转义，得到一个编码后的合法的 SQL 语句。
警告
安全：默认字符集
在调用 mysqli_real_escape_string() 函数之前， 必须先通过调用 mysqli_set_charset() 函数或者在 MySQL 服务器端设置字符集。 更多信息请参考 字符集。
参数
-
mysql -
仅以过程化样式：由mysqli_connect() 或 mysqli_init() 返回的 mysqli 对象。
-
escapestr -
需要进行转义的字符串。
会被进行转义的字符包括：
NUL （ASCII 0），\n，\r，\，'，" 和 Control-Z.
返回值
转义后的字符串。
错误／异常
在无效的连接上调用此函数会返回
null 并发出一个 E_WARNING 级别的错误。
范例
示例 #1 mysqli::real_escape_string() 例程
面向对象风格
<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");
/* 检查连接 */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
exit();
}
$mysqli->query("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");
$city = "'s Hertogenbosch";
/* 由于未对 $city 进行转义，此次查询会失败 */
if (!$mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
printf("Error: %s\n", $mysqli->sqlstate);
}
$city = $mysqli->real_escape_string($city);
/* 对 $city 进行转义之后，查询可以正常执行 */
if ($mysqli->query("INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
printf("%d Row inserted.\n", $mysqli->affected_rows);
}
$mysqli->close();
?>
过程化风格
<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");
/* 检查连接 */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
exit();
}
mysqli_query($link, "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE myCity LIKE City");
$city = "'s Hertogenbosch";
/* 由于未对 $city 进行转义，此次查询会失败 */
if (!mysqli_query($link, "INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
printf("Error: %s\n", mysqli_sqlstate($link));
}
$city = mysqli_real_escape_string($link, $city);
/* 对 $city 进行转义之后，查询可以正常执行 */
if (mysqli_query($link, "INSERT into myCity (Name) VALUES ('$city')")) {
printf("%d Row inserted.\n", mysqli_affected_rows($link));
}
mysqli_close($link);
?>
以上例程会输出：
Error: 42000 1 Row inserted.
注释
注意:
如果你之前都是使用 mysql_real_escape_string() 函数来转义 SQL 语句的， 那么需要注意的是 mysqli_real_escape_string() 和 mysql_real_escape_string() 两个函数的参数顺序不同。 mysqli_real_escape_string() 中，
link是第一个参数， 而在 mysql_real_escape_string() 函数中，要转义的字符串是第一个参数。
add a note
User Contributed Notes 9 notes
tobias_demuth at web dot de ¶
16 years ago
Josef Toman ¶
12 years ago
For percent sign and underscore I use this:
<?php
$more_escaped = addcslashes($escaped, '%_');
?>
dave at mausner.us ¶
11 years ago
You can avoid all character escaping issues (on the PHP side) if you use prepare() and bind_param(), as an alternative to placing arbitrary string values in SQL statements. This works because bound parameter values are NOT passed via the SQL statement syntax.
therselman at gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
Presenting several UTF-8 / Multibyte-aware escape functions.
These functions represent alternatives to mysqli::real_escape_string, as long as your DB connection and Multibyte extension are using the same character set (UTF-8), they will produce the same results by escaping the same characters as mysqli::real_escape_string.
This is based on research I did for my SQL Query Builder class:
https://github.com/twister-php/sql
<?php
/**
* Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be escaped.
* As required by MySQL and suitable for multi-byte character sets
* Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and ctrl-Z.
*
* @param string $string String to add slashes to
* @return $string with `\` prepended to reserved characters
*
* @author Trevor Herselman
*/
if (function_exists('mb_ereg_replace'))
{
function mb_escape(string $string)
{
return mb_ereg_replace('[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x27\x5C]', '\\\0', $string);
}
} else {
function mb_escape(string $string)
{
return preg_replace('~[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x27\x5C]~u', '\\\$0', $string);
}
}
?>
Characters escaped are (the same as mysqli::real_escape_string):
00 = \0 (NUL)
0A = \n
0D = \r
1A = ctl-Z
22 = "
27 = '
5C = \
Note: preg_replace() is in PCRE_UTF8 (UTF-8) mode (`u`).
Enhanced version:
When escaping strings for `LIKE` syntax, remember that you also need to escape the special characters _ and %
So this is a more fail-safe version (even when compared to mysqli::real_escape_string, because % characters in user input can cause unexpected results and even security violations via SQL injection in LIKE statements):
<?php
/**
* Returns a string with backslashes before characters that need to be escaped.
* As required by MySQL and suitable for multi-byte character sets
* Characters encoded are NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, \, ', ", and ctrl-Z.
* In addition, the special control characters % and _ are also escaped,
* suitable for all statements, but especially suitable for `LIKE`.
*
* @param string $string String to add slashes to
* @return $string with `\` prepended to reserved characters
*
* @author Trevor Herselman
*/
if (function_exists('mb_ereg_replace'))
{
function mb_escape(string $string)
{
return mb_ereg_replace('[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x25\x27\x5C\x5F]', '\\\0', $string);
}
} else {
function mb_escape(string $string)
{
return preg_replace('~[\x00\x0A\x0D\x1A\x22\x25\x27\x5C\x5F]~u', '\\\$0', $string);
}
}
?>
Additional characters escaped:
25 = %
5F = _
Bonus function:
The original MySQL `utf8` character-set (for tables and fields) only supports 3-byte sequences.
4-byte characters are not common, but I've had queries fail to execute on 4-byte UTF-8 characters, so you should be using `utf8mb4` wherever possible.
However, if you still want to use `utf8`, you can use the following function to replace all 4-byte sequences.
<?php
// Modified from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/24672780/2726557
function mysql_utf8_sanitizer(string $str)
{
return preg_replace('/[\x{10000}-\x{10FFFF}]/u', "\xEF\xBF\xBD", $str);
}
?>
Pick your poison and use at your own risk!
arnoud at procurios dot nl ¶
17 years ago
Note that this function will NOT escape _ (underscore) and % (percent) signs, which have special meanings in LIKE clauses.
As far as I know there is no function to do this, so you have to escape them yourself by adding a backslash in front of them.
Anonymous ¶
7 years ago
If you wonder why (besides \, ' and ") NUL (ASCII 0), \n, \r, and Control-Z are escaped: it is not to prevent sql injection, but to prevent your sql logfile to get unreadable.
ASchmidt at Anamera dot net ¶
1 year ago
Caution when escaping the % and _ wildcard characters. According to an often overlooked note at the bottom of:
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/string-literals.html#character-escape-sequences
the escape sequences \% and \_ will ONLY be interpreted as % and _, *if* they occur in a LIKE! (Same for MySQL 8.0)
In regular string literals, the escape sequences \% and \_ are treated as those two character pairs. So if those escape sequences appear in a WHERE "=" instead of a WHERE LIKE, they would NOT match a single % or _ character!
Consequently, one MUST use two "escape" functions: The real-escape-string (or equivalent) for regular string literals, and an amended escape function JUST for string literals that are intended to be used in LIKE.
Lawrence DOliveiro ¶
4 years ago
Note that the “like” operator requires an *additional* level of escaping for its special characters, *on top of* that performed by mysql_escape_string. But there is no built-in function for performing this escaping. Here is a function that does it:
function escape_sql_wild($s)
/* escapes SQL pattern wildcards in s. */
{
$result = array();
foreach(str_split($s) as $ch)
{
if ($ch == "\\" || $ch == "%" || $ch == "_")
{
$result[] = "\\";
} /*if*/
$result[] = $ch;
} /*foreach*/
return
implode("", $result);
} /*escape_sql_wild*/
David Spector ¶
3 years ago
I think two additional characters need to be removed or escaped to protect from injection: ` (accent grave) and ; (semicolon). Accent grave could be used to inject into table and key names, terminating them too early (if user input is allowed as table or key names), and semicolon could be used to insert additional statements into an SQL statement. Always use ` (accent grave) to surround table, key, and column names, and always use ' (apostrophe) to surround column values in SQL statements, especially if the names or values can ever contain spaces.
官方地址：https://www.php.net/manual/en/mysqli.real-escape-string.php
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